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This has been the fourth time for Research Center for China Science Evaluation to research evaluation on world universities and research institutions. The result consists of three categories and thirty ranking lists:“Essential index rankings of the scientific researching competitiveness of the world universities in 2011”，“disciplines competitiveness of world universities and research institutions in 2011”(including 22 disciplines)and “the scientific researching competitiveness of the world universities in 2011”(including 7 essential indexes). It makes a horizontal comparison of the same class of universities and a vertical comparison between the evaluation results in 2009 and in 2010, and finally objectively analyses the level of our universities on the base of the evaluation results and comparative analysing results. Meanwhile,it suggests several methods for the construction of world—class universities from different angles, such as countries, institutions, disciplines, and so on.
The evaluated universities are the 1,565 universities whose total cited papers in ESI are ranked the former 1% in the world in recent 11 years, 334 universities from the US,142 from Japan, 112 from Britain, 92 from France,91 from the mainland of China, and 84 from Germany. The universities from the six states and regions above account for 54.6% of the list, and the proportion of China's universities is 5.8%. Besides, ESI builds 22 disciplines in accordance with the essence of disciplines and characteristics of their development, including an interdisciplinary. Research institutions and universities in the world have been arranged by nearly 11—year papers total cited times, only the ones ranking in the former 1% can be arranged. There are 2525 research institutions and universities coming into the ESI list, 1565 universities and 960 research institutions.
The using data originated from the ESI database from Jan.1st, 2000 to August 31st,2010 and DII of American Townsend Reuters technology information group from 2005—2010.
For index system, we follow the previous system, research productivity, research influence,scientific research innovation, and scientific research development power construct the level 1 evaluation index.Research productivity is measured by the recent 11—year total cited papers, research influence by citations and highly cited papers, scientific research innovation by hot papers and patents, and scientific research development power by
ration high.
In order to arrange fluent evaluation, first we explored the theory on world—class universities, analysed the present research, and found the basic characters of world—class universities. At the same time, we gave scientific definitions of the relative terms.For example, top 300 in the 1565 universities, are defined as the world—class universities, top 100 in them are top universities, top 101—300 are famous high—level universities, and top 301—600 are known high—level universities.
Top 16 universities stand for the world top level of universities, taking up 1% of the 1565 universities and institutions, they are: Harvard University (the US), Stanford University(the US), Johns Hopkins University(the US),University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)(the US)、 University of California, Berkeley(the US), Washington University in St. Louis(the US), University of Oxford(the Britain),University of Tokyo(Japan),University of Michigan(the US),Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)(the US), University of California, San Diego(the US), Columbia University(the US)， University of Cambridge(the Britain)， University of Wisconsin-Madison(the US)， University of Toronto（Canada),University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign(the US).
The main results of the evaluation on disciplines competitiveness of world-Class universities and research institutions are:
1、The competition among world universities becomes more fierce, and the whole level is increasing continuously. In 2007, the number of universities and research institutions in ESI was 2251, including 1475 universities(53.6%); in 2009, the number of institutions rose up to 2413,and 1475 universities (61.1%); in 2011, the number of institutions was 2525, and 1565 universities (62%).Not only is the number of the top 1% universities and institutions in ESI successively increasing, but the universities' index level improves as well, fully displaying the emphasis on the construction of world—class universities and the effort and achievements in this area of each country.
2、Our universities' scientific research power is enhancing continuously, while has comparative gap between other countries with strong research power. In the list of states' research power, the US is on the top, displaying absolutely leading research level. The following is Britain, Japan, Germany, Canada and Italy. The mainland of China is at the 7th place and goes forward 5 compared with the ranking last year, making great progress. We are the one who advanced the most quickly among the top 30. Hongkong China is at 23rd, regressing 1; Taiwan China is at 28th, regressing 2 compared with that last year. The rankings of China's universities gets a prevailing increasing, yet hasn't got a total improvement. Although some universities' rankings enhance, the numbers of top 100 world—class universities, top 101—300 famous high—level universities, and top 301—600 known high—level universities are still small, which shows that our total research power has been enhancing, but still has great gap between the states with powerful research. It doesn't suit the scale of our education and our economic and political status.
3、In the list, there are 91 universities from mainland, 41 from Taiwan, and 6 from Hongkong. There are 28 universities from the mainland, 9 from Taiwan, and 6 from Hongkong come into top 600, taking up 7.2%. We have great space to improve the research power of our universities. From the list, it can be seen that the US, Britain, Japan, Germany, Canada and Italy occupy about 76% of top 100, 72% of top 200, about 68% of top 300, 60% of top 600.The brilliant universities and research institutions assemble in the 6 developed countries. They own the research power that others will be hard-pressed to. 7 universities from mainland of China of top 300 are Perking University(100th),Tsinghua University(109th),Zhejiang University(110th), Shanghaijiaotong University(158th),Fudan University(214th),Nanjing University(242nd), University of Science and Technology of China(279th);among the top 600, there are 28 universities from the mainland of China, taking up 4.7%. The first three universities coming into top 600 from Taiwan China are Taiwan university(81st),Taiwan Chenggong University(221st) ,Taiwan Tsinghua University(347th);and those first three from Hongkong are Hongkong University(121st),The Chinese University of Hong Kong(176th),The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(276th). |
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