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5. Such an outcome,if it happens,could cause a political controversy;or it could lead to more power being transferred to the EU in the worst possible circumstances,namely when the Union is deeply unpopular.

要點(diǎn) 這是個(gè)復(fù)合句。條件從句因?yàn)樘?，置于主句的主謂之間，造成句子割裂，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)將從句提到句首。namely when the……unpopular是一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)解釋the worst possible circumstances.the EU:the European Union,歐盟。

譯文 這種結(jié)果一旦產(chǎn)生，就可能引起政治上的爭(zhēng)吵;在最糟糕的情況下，即在歐盟很不得人心的時(shí)候，也可能使更多的權(quán)利落到歐盟手中。

6. That fact,let alone the current division between the 11 euro countries and the four,led by Britain,that have not joined,is likely to mean that the Union should become a multi-system entity,with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things.

要點(diǎn) 句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是That fact…… is likely to mean that……。with some countries signing up to everything and others choosing only some things是“with +復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”形式，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。短語(yǔ)let alone……not joined置于主謂之間，造成句子割裂，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)將其還原，放在最后。分詞短語(yǔ)led by Britain和定語(yǔ)從句that have not joined都修飾the four.euro：歐元。multi-：前綴，表示“多…的”，如mutilateral，多邊的：multiple，多個(gè)的。

譯文 這一事實(shí)可能意味著歐盟將成為一個(gè)多體系的實(shí)體，其中一些國(guó)家對(duì)每一件事都表示贊同，而另一些則不盡然;更不用說(shuō)以英國(guó)為首的尚未加入歐洲統(tǒng)一貨幣體系的四國(guó)和已經(jīng) 加入這一體系的十一個(gè)歐元國(guó)家之間目前已存在的分歧了。

7. This trend began during the Second World War,when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.

要點(diǎn) 該句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是This trend began during the Second World War,when……。when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾the Second World War.that the specific……detail是conclusion的同位語(yǔ)從句，在該從句中，主語(yǔ)是 the specific demands of its scientific establishment,that a government wants to make是 demands的定語(yǔ)從句。該定語(yǔ)從句放在其先行詞 demands和of介詞短語(yǔ)之間，造成句子的割裂。翻譯時(shí)，可把被割裂的部分還原。

譯文 這種趨勢(shì)始于第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間，當(dāng)時(shí)一些國(guó)家的政府得出這樣的結(jié)論：政府要向科研機(jī)構(gòu)提出的具體要求通常是無(wú)法詳盡預(yù)見(jiàn)的。

8. Observations were made of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade.

要點(diǎn) 整個(gè)of短語(yǔ)作observations的定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于Observations of the children at the beginning and at the end of preschool and first grade were made.因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)太長(zhǎng)，所以將其置于動(dòng)詞之后，以避免句子頭重腳輕。這樣就造成了句子的割裂，翻譯時(shí)應(yīng)將被割裂的部分還原。preschool：學(xué)前的。

譯文 人們對(duì)孩子們?cè)趯W(xué)前班和小學(xué)一年級(jí)開(kāi)始時(shí)和結(jié)束時(shí)的情況都曾進(jìn)行過(guò)觀察。