1. “三長” (1) 介詞短語 【定義】從介詞開始到名詞結(jié)束、表達一個獨立的完整的含義的結(jié)構(gòu)。 【起止標(biāo)識】標(biāo)記介詞短語時,要從介詞開始到介詞之后的第一個名詞終止。如:at home、in the school、in the beautiful park、during my happy childhood、over the last few years、for three weeks、to the destination 【例句】 (After chatting) (with Laura) (on this matter) (for two hours) (from 2:00 to 4:00) (in the afternoon), I returned (to my office). (2) 從句 【定義】從句是復(fù)合句中不能獨立成句,但具有主語部分和謂語部分,由that、who、whom、when、why、where、how、which、if、although等關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的非主句部分。 【起止標(biāo)識】標(biāo)記從句時,一定從關(guān)系詞開始,到以下四種終止。 ① 到句尾終止,如:Li Hui is a teacher (who teaches English). ② 到句中的逗號終止,如:(When I was young), I listened to the radio. ③ 到下一個修飾成分終止,如:I will invite Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) to Beijing. (to Beijing是介詞短語,屬于另一個修飾成分,故從句的標(biāo)記在此處終止) ④ 到下一個謂語動詞終止,如Yao Ming (who was a top basketball player) is studying in Shanghai. (3) 非謂語動詞短語 【定義】非謂語動詞是指動詞在句子中“不是謂語”時的幾種變化形式,主要包括動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)三類。非謂語動詞不能獨立作謂語,而是充當(dāng)句子的其他成分。由非謂語動詞開頭的、表示一個獨立、完整的含義的結(jié)構(gòu)叫做非謂語動詞短語。 【起止標(biāo)識】標(biāo)記非謂語動詞短語時,一定是從動詞不定式(to do)、動名詞(doing)或分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞doing或過去分詞done)開頭,到以下四種情況終止。 ① 到句尾終止,如:Li Hui is a teacher (teaching English). ② 到句中的逗號終止,如:(To improve my English), I often listen to the English radio. ③ 到下一個修飾成分終止,如:Jack walked into the hall, (waving) to the audience. (to the audience是介詞短語,屬于另一修飾成分。) ④ 到下一個謂語動詞終止,如:We, (singing a happy song), rode to school. |
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